The authors of the paper must be listed right before or right after the title, in a slightly smaller font that is still larger than normal text. Either use a pt. Please use the same font for all author names. Make sure the names of the repository and the journal, as well as the text of the section headings, are set in a smaller font than the authors of the paper - otherwise, this other, larger, text may be incorrectly interpreted as the authors.
Use "Sentence case" as opposed to "Title Case" for section headings et. Separate multiple author names with commas or semicolons and omit their affiliations, degrees, and certifications from the author line. Include a bibliographic citation to a published version of the paper on a line by itself, and place it inside the header or the footer of the first page in the PDF file, or next to the title and the authors in HTML.
Use an explicit citation format, e. If the paper is unpublished, include the full date of its present version on a line by itself, e. Avoid use of Type 3 fonts in PDF files, because they're often generated with missing or incorrect font size and character encoding information, which makes it difficult for our parser software to extract the bibliographic data. If you're using LaTeX, consider switching to Type 1 fonts, e. Mark the section of the paper that contains references to other works with a standard heading, such as "References" or "Bibliography", on a line just by itself.
Individual references inside this section should be either numbered "1. The text of each reference must be a formal bibliographic citation in a commonly used format, without free-form commentary.
Please understand that the references are identified automatically by the parser software; they're not entered or corrected by human operators. While we try to support the most common reference formats, it is not possible to guarantee that all references are identified correctly; and incorrect identification of references could lead to exclusion of your papers from Google Scholar or to low ranking of your papers in the search results.
To check if a particular paper is included in Google Scholar, search Google Scholar for its title. To check the coverage of your website in Google Scholar, search for titles of several dozen papers and see if these papers are included.
If you can't find many of the papers in Google Scholar, there's probably a problem with the indexing of your website; please read the troubleshooting tips below.
Keep in mind that changes that you make on your website will usually not be reflected in Google Scholar search results for some time. New papers are normally added several times a week; however, updates of papers that are already included usually take months.
Updates of papers on very large websites may take several years, because to update a site, we need to recrawl it - the time it takes to recrawl a large site is usually limited by the speed at which the target website is able to deliver content to the search robots. Keep in mind that the result count of the "site:" operator is not a good indicator of coverage of your website in Google Scholar. First, this operator currently only searches primary versions of the papers. If you're not the primary publisher, some of the papers that you host may not be counted.
Second, the result count is usually estimated based on searching a small fraction of the index the purpose of the result count is to help users refine their queries and not coverage checking. As a result, this estimate may not be accurate. If you're alarmed that the result count for your site is low, please confirm the problem with a more detailed check. We recommend trying to find several dozen of sample papers using search by title.
Check that your webpages follow our content guidelines. Only scholarly papers are appropriate for inclusion in Google Scholar; each paper needs to be listed on a separate URL; and at least the full author-written abstract must be clearly visible on the URL that you wish to be included in Google Scholar search results.
Failure to follow these guidelines could lead to exclusion of your content from Google Scholar. Provided that the content guidelines are met, the most common cause of indexing problems is incorrect extraction of bibliographic data by the automated parser software.
To diagnose such issues, find a sample of included papers by searching Google Scholar for [site:example. If you see very few results, and if their listed titles or authors are mostly incorrect, then chances are that this is, indeed, a parsing problem.
If the bibliographic data listed in Google Scholar is mostly correct, but you still can't find many of your papers there, then it could be a problem with the crawl. Check that your website allows indexing by Google search robots. Can you click through from the homepage to the articles using only simple HTML links? Does your robots. Is your website unusually slow in responding to crawlers? Does it limit the crawl speed or frequently return errors to the search robots?
Does it have a lot of navigation, search, shopping and other URLs that aren't papers and don't help with discovering papers? Any of these issues can lead to slow updates of your content or to removal of your papers from Google Scholar. If you believe there's an error in indexing of your own website due to a technical issue on our side, please contact us with the details.
Be sure to include specific example URLs of articles that are not included or not indexed correctly. While we hope that the text of your papers has a substantial element of novelty and interest, we recommend that, when it comes to their indexing, you boldly go where others have gone before. Conventional formatting of documents and their bibliographic data, as well as the use of common journal and repository management software, go a long way towards ensuring that your papers are all covered and ranked appropriately in Google Scholar.
Probably not, it usually just works. You need to read the documentation if either a you're trying to fix an error in indexing of your own website , or b you need to make sure that your article hosting product is compatible with Google and Google Scholar search services. Sorry, chances are that this will require changes at your end. We can't change your website - you'll need to ask your webmaster to do that. Sorry, we're unable to provide testing services. That's up to your webmaster or the provider of your journal hosting service.
You can read this entire documentation sigh and then test that your website meets all of the guidelines - content guidelines, crawl guidelines, and indexing guidelines. See the troubleshooting section for the recommended sequence of tests. You could use a software package or a hosting service that has already implemented these guidelines. See the overview for some suggestions, both paid and free. My website doesn't meet one of the guidelines. Can you relax this requirement for me? No, all of the guidelines in this documentation are necessary to index your content effectively.
If you need technical assistance with meeting crawl and indexing guidelines, we recommend that you use a software package or a hosting service that has already implemented them. If you can't show abstracts, or if your content is not a good fit for Google Scholar, then sorry, we aren't able to include it. Per content guidelines, the abstract needs to be visible to the user.
Meta tags are only visible to the search robots, not to the user. You can display the abstract in any reasonable way, e. Please make sure the abstract is visible to users without requiring them to scroll down, click buttons, dismiss popup advertisements, etc.
Inclusion Guidelines for Webmasters This documentation describes the technology behind indexing of websites with scholarly articles in Google Scholar. Individual Authors If you're an individual author, it works best to simply upload your paper to your website, e. Make sure that: the full text of your paper is in a PDF file that ends with ". University Repositories If you're a university repository, we recommend that you use the latest version of Eprints eprints.
Journal Publishers If you publish a small number of journals, consider using one of the established journal hosting services, e. Content Guidelines Google Scholar includes scholarly articles from a wide variety of sources in all fields of research, all languages, all countries, and over all time periods. Scholarly articles The content hosted on your website must consist primarily of scholarly articles - journal papers, conference papers, technical reports, or their drafts, dissertations, pre-prints, post-prints, or abstracts.
Showing abstracts Users click through to your website to read your articles. Crawl Guidelines Google Scholar uses automated software, known as "robots" or "crawlers", to fetch your files for inclusion in the search results.
Browse interface A browse interface is necessary for the search robots to discover the URLs of your articles. Website availability Since Google refers users to your website to read the papers, your webpages must be available to both users and crawlers at all times.
Use HTTP 5xx codes to indicate temporary errors that should be retried soon, such as temporary shortage of backend capacity. Use HTTP 4xx codes to indicate permanent errors that should not be retried for some time, such as file not found.
Robots exclusion protocol If your website uses a robots. Indexing Guidelines Google Scholar uses automated software, known as "parsers", to identify bibliographic data of your papers, as well as references between the papers. Failure to link the alternate versions together could result in the incorrect indexing of the PDF files, because these files would be processed as separate documents without the information contained in the meta tags.
Troubleshooting To check if a particular paper is included in Google Scholar, search Google Scholar for its title. The best way to fix incorrect bibliographic data is to provide it in a computer-readable form in the meta tags, as described in the indexing guidelines. Keep in mind that, since these papers are already included in Google Scholar, updating their bibliographic data will usually take months from the time you provide it on your website. Please check the crawl guidelines regarding the technical requirements and the possible solutions.
Once you update your website, it can take anywhere from a few days to months for these changes to be reflected in Google Scholar search results. Keep in mind that we're unable to make exceptions to any of the stated guidelines; or to assist you with indexing of third-party websites; or to offer website management or compatibility testing services. If no solution works for you, please email e-library brunel. Was this helpful?
Yes 7 No Library LibAnswers. Warning: Your browser has javascript disabled. Without javascript some functions will not work, including question submission via the form. Toggle menu visibility. Ask another question. Answered By: E-library Team. Last Updated: 15 Jan, Views: Toggle action bar FAQ Actions. Print Tweet Share on Facebook Was this helpful? Comments 2. To edit, use a different app, Adobe Creative Cloud Suite, which should include an editor - or contact the TechZone during core opening hours.
Adobe Acrobat Reader DC does not have an editor. Add a public comment to this FAQ. Related Topics. Electronic Resources E-books.
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