Scientists and researchers. Professors and educators. System integrators. Third-party developers. Are you interested in NIDays in another city or want to refer a colleague who lives in another part of the world? Indeed, if the coercive actions can be clearly attributed to the adversary, the aggressors will incur greater military, political and economic ramifications.
Illustratively, clear evidence of Russian-backed separatists responsibility for the downing of M over Ukraine legitimized the tightening of international sanctions against Russia. In that vein, the first and best weapon for countering hybrid information threats is awareness, not only among national officials and mainstream media, but throughout the society that the operation uses as its medium.
For instance in Latvia, growing awareness of covert Russian threats and increased discussion of these threats in mainstream media have led to the provision of Russian-language media alternatives for the country s substantial Russian-speaking population, with similar initiatives underway in Estonia.
To counter disinformation threats, NATO and its partner organizations need to develop procedures that will enable rapid and sweeping dissemination of such fact-based information within its populations and to the global audience at large. This relies on effective intelligence capabilities, and optimistically, the Alliance possesses powerful analytical and operational expertise in this domain.
As discussed in the Networks section, NATO member states should work at local government level, with civil society groups, schools, churches and other local level actors to make the network accessible to more recipients via local news and social media outlets.
The crucial coordination between civil society and other non-governmental groups can provide wider outreach, increase credibility among the public. Specifically, it structures expectations and shapes the political calculations and preferences of revisionist actors, deterring certain threats from arising. Keir Giles, Associate Fellow at the Chatham House, asserts that Russia s recklessness is best countered with the West s significant military force, present in visible mass where it is needed, and the demonstrated willingness to use it.
There is no substitute for the forward presence of substantial, credible conventional forces at the Alliance s front line states when dealing with leaders who will continue to see the world through the realism lens. Therefore, signalling credibility and a clear commitment to allies through military exercises and power projections needs to be an important instrument of power vis-a-vis revisionist powers in the West s integrated effort to deal with hybrid threats.
For example, the US has sent clear signals to China that it will use military force to support Japanese sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands. Accordingly, Beijing has retreated, not proceeding with the same island building approaches that they previously undertook in the South China Sea. Beyond force display, the West needs to demonstrate commitment to Article 5 with specific, logistical steps, such as the movement of troops and equipment, as well as pre-authorization legislative acts and necessary memoranda of understanding about basing arrangements.
As a June study Outplayed: Regaining Strategic Initiative in the Gray Zone demonstrates, the lack of such strategy has more to do with organizational and conceptual challenges, rather than a lack of capabilities. In the US, one such challenge manifests itself in the division between the State Department and the Pentagon, making it difficult to operate effectively in the area between peace and war, or to address challenges that are simultaneously political and military in nature.
The traditional US tendency to think in binary terms, such as war versus peace, victory versus defeat and division of military operations into discrete phases, may constrain the ability to operate effectively in Gray, ambiguous areas. The US in particular has been able to use its global economic cloud to deliver comprehensive multilateral sanctions by blocking access to its own market.
The sanctions effectiveness in shaping a desired political and military outcome, especially by curtailing adversaries resources spent on armament, has been clearly demonstrated in Iraq during Saddam ussein s regime, in Libya under Gaddafi s regime and most recently in the case of ran.
A major downside of economic sanctions is that they generally take an extended period to influence political outcome. However, the incremental change is often worth the reward. Furthermore, as seen in Iraq in the s and in Iran in the s, sanctions significantly hindered the build- up of conventional and nuclear capabilities and access to advanced technologies. Energy Russia has become notorious for using its energy power as a coercive tool against its neighbours and throughout Europe.
Encouragingly, European powers, especially those in Eastern and Central Europe, have taken several early steps to counter these threats. Specifically, they have embarked on energy diversification by building terminals necessary to import liquefied natural gas LNG , the price of which has decreased drastically due to a global LNG glut. The first US LNG shipment, scheduled to arrive in Europe this year, will mark the new era for energy on the continent. Furthermore, previous gas crises with Russia have accelerated the integration of the common EU energy market.
While the fully common market is yet to materialize, many interconnecting pipelines, reverse flow capabilities and extra storages have been established over the last five years, allowing states to redirect gas and oil supplies within the EU and especially from the West to the East in times of emergency.
As noted in previous sections, helping non-NATO partner countries such as Ukraine decrease their economic and energy dependence on Russia is a critical capacity-building tool to reduce their vulnerability to economic coercion — a key instrument of aggressive states hybrid strategies.
Russia s ambitions tend to correlate with high energy prices, and its military modernization has been facilitated by high oil and gas prices of the last decade.
Conclusion Hybrid conflict approaches defy traditional open warfare, employing an array of coercive tools that span the political, economic, informational, psychological and military spheres. Moreover, the effectiveness of this model further decreases when non- state actors perpetuate hybrid warfare. These adversaries are not bound by rules or sanctions, nor do they subscribe to the interests held by the majority of the developed world.
Their leaders do not engage in diplomatic relations, and their forces are not easily or centrally located. The strategy to combat these rising threats will need to rely on lower-intensity smart approaches, while sustaining the higher intensity capabilities to control and deter escalation by state actors. The US has a long history as the premier global Gray Zone competitor and is now in competition with actors who are using methods it previously mastered and employed to achieve great power status.
Since these Gray Zone challenges defy the concrete boundaries that are present in traditional, violent conflict, a vital part of improving the readiness of NATO forces in Europe involves relearning skills which have been of limited or no relevance to the past decades of expeditionary warfare.
Related Papers. Here's another example which allows you to change the format, precision and padding of a numeric control. Note: you may be thinking about doing the same for a graph properties popup, but this is largely done already if you use legends and enable [Interactive Legend]. And yet another example which allows you to change the format, precision and a few other attributes to a graph axis.
And yet another example which allows you to change some cosmetics on a slider popup, including the ramp colors, needle width, etc. T here are many default events in LabWindows, but some are missing. For instance you can drag and drop files from explorer onto a panel only if you call the EnableDragAndDrop function. Something else that is sometimes necessary is shift-click, ctrl-click and alt-click.
The code is below. The thing I haven't been able to figure out yet is how to separate and get the coordinates of mouse-down and mouse-up on a canvas, which is necessary for drawing a box for instance. Another trick that has to do with user input is to regroup the keyboard events to the top panel. For instance if you have a child or separate panel that catches a few keyboard event but you want all other keyboard events to go to the main one useful for instance if the menu bar is only on the main panel , do the following in the child panel callback function:.
The problem is that the data must be sent to the strip chart precisely 1s apart. Thus you cannot use a timer which lacks the precision. Usually, the default file path is fine. The files will begin extracting.
How long this takes depends on your computer hardware. This process can take anywhere between several seconds to several minutes. Be patient. Once the files are done extracting, a window will come up, telling you the files have been extracted. Click OK. At this point, the installer will open itself up. The installer should have opened by itself after the previous step.
Do not just copy the information from the below screenshot. Next, you will be asked for your product serial. If you purchased a digital copy from us , you will have been sent your serial. It will look something like this: B01P If you purchased a physical copy , then the serial should be located somewhere on the packaging. Typically, it is attached to a sticker on the sleeve the DVD came in.
0コメント