Coal has been mined in 76 counties in Illinois and more than 7, coal mines have operated since commercial mining began in Our maps of known mines for each of these counties may help the public to identify mined areas.
Please note, however, that the accuracy and completeness of the mine maps and directories vary depending on the availability and quality of source material. Little or no information is available for many mines, especially the older ones, because mining activity was not regulated or documented until the late 's. Even then, reporting requirements were minimal. Many of the undocumented maps are believed to be in libraries, historical societies and personal files of old mine employees.
The Department asks that anyone who knows of one of these maps, please contact the Department at or by emailing rgibson siue. A map specialist will come to your location, if you wish. Planning is future oriented: Planning is always done for the future.
The future can be short term, medium term or long term. It is a programme for future by which management tries to look ahead. Planning is a continuous activity: Planning is a continuous function of management. Managers are required to formulate, modify and withdraw the plans according to business environmental changes. Planning is necessary as long as the business remains in existence.
Planning is pervasive: Planning is pervasive in nature. It is required for all the business activities and by all the managers at all the levels. Planning is required not only in business organizations but also in non-business organizations. Inter-dependent activity: Planning is inter-dependent activity.
One departmental plans are dependent on other departmental plans. Every plan is linked with other plans. Planning is based on practical considerations. Proper thinking is required before finalizing a plan. The quality of plan depends upon mental qualities of managers. Planning requires past, present and future analysis: Planning requires proper analysis of past, present and future. Managers need to check past performance, present targets and future possibilities while planning.
Basis of control: Planning provides base for control. The actual performance is compared against planned targets. Plans provide basis for comparison of actual and standard performance. Flexible in nature: Planning is always flexible. It keeps on changing as per situation changes. As business environment is dynamic in nature, planning needs to be flexible in nature. Plans should match with environmental changes. Analysis of internal environment: Planning process starts with analysis of internal environment.
Internal environment includes all the variables from the organization like manpower, plans and policies of top management, machines, materials etc.
Planner needs to study these variables properly to find out strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis of external environment: After the analysis of internal environment, planner needs to study factors from external environment. External environment includes all those factors which are outside the organization like government policies, competition, internationalfactors, technological changes, consumer behavior etc.
This analysis is required to find out possible threats and opportunities for the organization. Establishment of objectives: After the analysis of environment is over, planner should establish the objectivesto be achieved. Objectives should be well defined to provide guidelines for planning. Establishment of planning premises: Planning premises are the assumptions which provide a framework within which plans operate. Appropriate assumptions have to be made regarding internal and external environment.
Framing alternative plans: Planner should always frame alternative plans instead of only one final plan. For eg. Evaluation of alternative plans: All the alternative plans should be evaluated by the planner.
Evaluation should be in terms of cost and returns possible from that particular plan. Selection of the best plan: Once the plans are evaluated, planner should select the best plan out of all the alternatives. The plan which gives maximum returns at minimum cost should be selected as the best plan.
Formulation of derivative plans: Derivative plans are sub-plans which are required for operational purpose. Programmes, policies, schedules, budgets etc. Implementation: With the help of derivative plans prepared, final plan should be implemented. Plan should be communicated to all those people in the organization who are required to implement them. Follow up: Periodic follow up is required to find out whether the actual performance is matching with planned targets.
If necessary certain changes can be done in that plan. Planning premises thus are certain ideas or assumptions which one makes while preparing a plan. For example, if marketing planning has to be done foe next year then certain assumptions have to be made like finished goods supple will be normal, the demand is likely to be more or less, the cost of selling and distribution would increase marginally and so on.
While deciding the planning premises, one has to be very careful that these premises are realistic in nature. It should be more practical so that the plans can be made more effective. Planning premises exist both within and outside the company i.
Planning premises may be divided into tangible and intangible ones. Planning premises may be fully controllable, partly controllable or absolutely uncontrollable. Planning premises may be constant or variable in nature. Internal environment b. External environment c. Planning premises 2. Write a note on planning premises. Draw the chart showing stages of planning process. These all plans are classified as follows: I Standing plans: These plans are prepared for repeat use. They are used again and again.
Therefore they are referred as repeat use plans. II Single use plans: These plans are prepared to achieve specific objectives. These are used only once. Once the purpose is served, plan becomes obsolete. Mission: Every organization should have mission. Mission is the statement which reflects purpose, philosophy and vision of the organization.
Mission guides the overall working of the enterprise. Objectives: Objectives are the goals or targets what management wants to achieve. Objectives are drawn from mission. These are ends towards which all the actions are directed. Strategies: Strategy is a broad long term plan. It provides guideline for achieving the objectives of the organization. Policies provide a framework within which the organization has to operate. It defines boundaries for decision making.
Procedures: Procedure is a series of activities required to be performed for attaining objectives. It is the sequence of works to be done. Methods: Method describes the way of performing particular work. By following a proper method, procedure is completed. Rules: Rules lay down specific actions to be done.
It describes what is to be done and what should not be done. Programme: Programme is a plan which is designed to implement the policies and accomplish objectives. It is a combination of goals, policies, procedures, rules to carry out activities. Projects: Projects are the plans which are required to complete complex and special work. It requires expert knowledge from various departments. Schedules: A schedule is a time table for activities. It defines start time and completion time of each and every activity.
It ensures completion of work on time. Budgets: Budgets express the anticipated results in numerical terms. It is mainly used for controlling the actual performance of activities. Standing plan b. Single use plan c. Mission d. Strategy 2. Draw the chart showing components of plan.
Time consuming: Planning needs collection of data of past, present and future of the organization. It requires consultation and discussion with other people in the organization. It requires approval for higher authority. Therefore planning is a time consuming process. Paper work: Lot of paper work is involved in planning function.
Paper work is more due to reports making, taking approvals, alternative plans etc. Costly affair: A good amount of money is required to be spent for collecting and analyzing the data. So the companies who cannot offered such expenses avoid planning. Possibility of under-targeting: Sometimes managers may under-target while planning.
This is because, they may think that they can achieve targets easily can get appreciation. This happens mostly in public sector organizations. Possibility of over-targeting: Sometimes managers may target at higher level.
This may be due to wrong collection and interpretation of data. Generates frustration: If the managers are not able to achieve the planned targets in spite of best efforts, it may lead to frustration. Possibility of human error: Plans require judgment and intelligence on the part of the managers.
But if managers have done wrong judgment about future, then it may lead to wrong targeting. Problem of changing situations: Business environment is not constant. Changes are always taking place and plans need to adjust with these changes. But every time it may not be possible to adjust with every change.
Inter-departmental conflicts: Planning requires co-ordination between all the departmental managers. But it is possible that, these managers may have conflicts due to which plan may not give expected results. Generates rigidity: While carrying on actual performance, managers always focus only on planned targets. It may be possible that, sometimes higher performance may be possible. But managers tend to achieve only what has been planned.
According to the requirement and situations in the organization various types of plans can be made and implemented. We understood that planning is a primary function of the management and therefore it has to be carried on carefully. Before starting with planning function planning premises have to be analyzed and fixed. Well planned activities of the organizations bring definite success but at the same tine one has to remember that planning also has got certain limitations.
Define planning. Explain the nature and characteristics of planning. Explain the steps involved in planning process. Enumerate the types of plans. State and explain the limitations of planning. State and explain the various steps involved in process of planning. Understand the process of decision making Know the problems in decision making 5. There are numerous techniques that can be used to accomplish the goal of forecasting. While the term "forecasting" may appear to be rather technical, planning for the future is a critical aspect of managing any organization—business, nonprofit, or other.
In fact, the long-term success of any organization is closely tied to how well the management of the organization is able to foresee its future and to develop appropriate strategies to deal with likely future scenarios.
Intuition, good judgment, and an awareness of how well the economy is doing may give the manager of a business firm a rough idea of what is likely to happen in the future. Nevertheless, it is not easy to convert a feeling about the future into a precise and useful number. Forecasting methods can help estimate many such future aspects of a business operation. Establishing the Business Need: The managers need to clearly understand how their forecast will influence business planning and decisions within their organization.
Without this important understanding, the resulting effort will very likely produce adverse results. To establish the business need, these key questions should be answered. Acquiring Data: For each business driver and influencing factor, the typical forecasting effort should use at least two years, and ideally up to five years, of historical data.
When forecasting efforts have short time horizons in small time periods, fewer data can be used. To collect the most accurate and robust data sets, all available data sources should be used. By sourcing from multiple areas, differences in organizational behavior can be balanced out to yield the best data set.
All data should be drawn incrementally in their pure form from available data sources to build up the needed accuracy and completeness. Building the Model: Once the business needs, drivers, and influencing factors have been established with the associated historical data, a decision needs to be made on the type of forecasting model to use. The forecasting model is the technique or algorithm that determines the projections based on identified business drivers, influencing factors, and business constraints.
There are three major categories of forecasting models: cause-and- effect, time series, and judgment. Many more forecasting models are also available, and there is no overall best choice. In fact, forecasting models are often combined to produce the most accurate results for a given business need, and it may be necessary to consult with business and technical experts for advice when selecting the best model for a given situation.
Evaluating the Results: Once the model has been built and executed, the resulting forecast accuracy should be evaluated using the most recent time period. Overall model accuracy should be measured using statistical functions. Applying the Forecast: Once all the work has been done to create a high-quality forecast, it should be deployed to the stakeholders and end users in a manner tailored to their use.
The forecast should ideally be made accessible to all appropriate business areas in reports and analyses packaged to unique end-user perspectives. Forecasting plays a key role in managerial planning and supplies vital facts and crucial information. Forecasting improves the quality of managerial personnel by compelling them to think through the future, to look ahead and to make provision for it.
Forecasting ensures a better utilization of resources by extending the frontiers of control in several directions and by revealing the areas where control is lacking. Employees are trained for accepting changes without any serious resistance as well as for facing unexpected occurrences courageously.
Forecasting steers the enterprise safely for reaching its fixed destination, as outlined by the objectives of the organization. By focusing attention on the future, forecasting helps the manager in adopting a definite course and a set purpose in matters of planning. Genius forecasting: This method is based on a combination of intuition, insight, and luck. Psychics and crystal ball readers are the most extreme case of genius forecasting.
Their forecasts are based exclusively on intuition. Trend extrapolation: These methods examine trends and cycles in historical data, and then use mathematical techniques to extrapolate to the future. The assumption of all these techniques is that the forces responsible for creating the past will continue to operate in the future.
This is often a valid assumption when forecasting short term horizons, but it falls short when creating medium and long term forecasts. The further out we attempt to forecast, the less certain we become of the forecast. The stability of the environment is the key factor in determining whether trend extrapolation is an appropriate forecasting model.
There are many mathematical models for forecasting trends and cycles. Choosing an appropriate model for a particular forecasting application depends on the historical data. Consensus methods: Forecasting complex systems often involves seeking expert opinions from more than one person. Delphi technique: This method seeks to rectify the problems of face-to-face confrontation in the group, so the responses and respondents remain anonymous.
The classical technique proceeds in well- defined sequence. In the first round, the participants are asked to write their predictions. Their responses are collated and a copy is given to each of the participants. The participants are asked to comment on extreme views and to defend or modify their original opinion based on what the other participants have written.
Again, the answers are collated and fed back to the participants. In the final round, participants are asked to reassess their original opinion in view of those presented by other participants. Scenario: The scenario is a narrative forecast that describes a potential course of events. Like the cross-impact matrix method, it recognizes the interrelationships of system components. The scenario describes the impact on the other components and the system as a whole.
It is a "script" for defining the particulars of an uncertain future. Decision trees: Decision trees originally evolved as graphical devices to help illustrate the structural relationships between alternative choices.
As our understanding of feedback loops improved, decision trees became more complex. Their structure became the foundation of computer flow charts. Explain the following terms: a. Forecasting b.
Genius forecasting c. Trend extrapolation d. Consensus methods e. Delphi technique f. Scenario g. Decision trees 2. Enlist the steps involved in process of forecasting. It is a technique used to find a solution to solve problem. Manager needs to take sound decisions for conducting correct actions so that objectives can be achieved. The importance of decision making can be explained as follows: 1. Achievement of objectives: Good decisions always facilitate attainment of all objectives in time.
Decisions direct the exact flow of activities and resources which results into achievement of objectives. Optimum use of resources: Due to sound decisions available resources are allocated properly for productive activities.
This facilitates optimum use of resources and minimizes wastages. Higher efficiency: Decision making enables to attain higher results at same cost or at a lower cost.
This leads to higher efficiency in the organization. Facilitates innovation: Decision making process generates new ideas, new products, new methods etc. This results in innovation. Motivation: Sound decisions motivate employees to perform better. Sound decisions require best efforts from employees which improves results.
Growth and expansion: Sound decisions lead to better performance in the organization. Objectives are achieved in time.
This leads to growth and expansion of the organization. Helps to face new challenges: Decision making facilitates decisions which are required to solve problems created by constant environmental changes. Thus organization can face the new challenges created by environment. Encourages initiative: Modern managers involve all the people from the organization in decision making process. All employees involved in decision making contribute new ideas and suggestions.
This leads to encouragement of initiative. Identification of problem: Decision making process starts with identification of problem. The problem has to be identified properly so that correct solution can be found out. Company may be facing the problem of fall in sales. Analysis of problem: Once the problem is identified, the next step is to collect relevant facts about it.
Manager should know possible causes and effects of that problem. Generating alternative solutions: Once the possible causes for problem are listed out, manager has to generate various alternative solutions to solve that problem.
Selecting the best solution: After all the alternatives are evaluated properly, manager should select the best alternative out of it. The best alternative is always that solution which will generate maximum returns at minimum cost.
Implementation should be done by having proper allocation of resources. Follow up: Once the solution is implemented practically, managers should take a follow up of actual performance of that solution. Managers should see that implemented solution should solve the problem. If not, then again the managers should find out possible alternatives to solve that problem.
Brain Storming: Brain storming is just a process for identifying solutions to problems and options to pursue. In Brainstorming session, all the members discuss various ideas. These ideas are noted down and evaluated. During evaluation process each idea is considered.
The best idea is selected after evaluating all the ideas. Brain storming is a time for getting ideas out of people's head and therefore personal biases should be avoided while considering the ideas.
Decision Trees: Under this technique, one identifies options, branching out of an initial bipolar choice to make, by projecting likely outcomes. The limitation of this technique lies mainly in that it forces you to address the problem from only two possible avenues of solution right from the start.
The Delphi Technique: It is used as a multipurpose planning tool. The Delphi technique is a group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgments from physically dispersed experts.
A manager begins the Delphi process by identifying the issue s he or she wants to investigate. The Delphi technique is useful when face- to- face discussions are impractical.
Nominal Group Technique NGT : NGT is a decision making method for use among groups of many sizes, who want to make their decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyone's opinions taken into account. Some Facilitators will encourage the sharing and discussion of reasons for the choices made by each group member, thereby identifying common ground, and a plurality of ideas and approaches.
Pros and cons: Another simple process for decision-making is the pros and cons list. Pro means 'for', and con means 'against'. In other words advantages and disadvantages. This method also applies to all sorts of problem- solving where issues and implications need to be understood and a decision has to be made.
PERT is a method to analyze the involved tasks in completing a given project, especially the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project. PERT was developed primarily to simplify the planning and scheduling of large and complex projects. It was developed for the U.
Navy Special Projects Office. PERT b. Pros and cons c. If you receive voice mail when contacting us, please leave a message including a call back phone number and someone will return your call the next business day.
To reach a specific individual, please use our phone directory. We also encourage you to email your question or concern when possible. Ohio EPA has created an online form for users to submit environmental complaints regarding issues such as:. Watch this video to see how to complete our online form. Information provided in the online form may be used by Ohio EPA to investigate and potentially seek penalties for violations of law.
Therefore, the information provided must be true and accurate to the best of your knowledge. Ohio EPA will use the information you provide to determine whether an investigation is warranted. You do not have to provide any personal information in order for Ohio EPA to review your complaint. However, by providing your name and contact information, Ohio EPA will be able to contact you to clarify information or gather additional information. Please note that if you provide us with contact information, under Ohio Public Records Law, that information will be considered a public record.
Each online submittal is assigned an identifier which can be used to search for the status of the complaint. Submitted complaints are read within two business days and, with limited exceptions, are investigated within 30 days.
For all other calls, including complaints, questions, or concerns about environmental issues, contact the nearest district office to get to the right person faster. When reporting a spill, release or environmental crime through the spill hotline, be prepared with as much of the following information as possible:. Mailing Address: P. Mike DeWine, Gov. Laurie A. Division of Environmental Response and Revitalization Oversees investigation and cleanup of contaminated sites; permitting, inspection, compliance and reporting of hazardous waste sites; and provides assistance and guidance for the voluntary cleanup and reuse of brownfield sites.
The current Post-closure monitoring plan, Version 6. The November 8, petition requests an extension of the Post-closure care period for an additional two years until January 16, This Petition requests an extension of the Post-closure care period to March 2, The comment period expires February 8, The public may also view the Permit Application.
The Director of Ohio EPA has concluded that there will be adequate capacity to handle the expected demand for commercial hazardous waste incineration. Therefore, the restrictions stay in place for the next three years. The assessment may be viewed here.
The comment period is from November 2, through December 1, Route 23 Piketon, Ohio This variance will allow AMG to operate and maintain a metals recycling facility by reclaiming spent petroleum catalyst for its metal contents for the facility located at East Pointe Drive, Zanesville, Ohio in Muskingum County.
Cleanlites , U. A public notice concerning receipt of the closure plan and its availability for public review will appear in the Sentinal Tribune. The Director of Ohio EPA will act upon the closure plan after the close of the public comment period on September 28, You may view the closure plan by clicking on the Perrysburg LH Amend closure plan link below.
For more information, please see the factsheet , draft variance , and mailing list notice. CA [. For more information, please see the factsheet and draft permit. Please see the Interested Party Rules Review tab for more information. The comment period starts August 30, and ends on October 19, See OAC rule to learn which wastes are eligible to be managed as a universal waste under Chapter The comment period starts December 27, and ends on February 23, For more information, please see the factsheet , the strikeout permit , and the draft permit.
Dunbridge Road in Bowling Green. Comments can also be faxed to Ghassan Tafla at or e-mailed to him at ghassan. The Site is a 1. From to , the landfill accepted industrial wastes that included ceramic mold material, which contained polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and drummed wastes.
The drummed wastes consisted primarily of caustic soda, baghouse dust, solvents, and elemental mercury. The preferred alternative includes: excavation and off-site disposal of landfill materials; groundwater assessment to determine remedy effectiveness and mitigation, if needed; ground water use restriction, if necessary; and mitigation of impacts to adjacent wetlands as necessary. The public meeting will begin with an information session during which Ohio EPA will present a summary of the Amended Preferred Plan and answer questions.
After the information session, the public can submit oral or written comments for the record regarding the Amended Preferred Plan. Damato epa. The comment period starts October 4, and ends on November 7, The comment period starts October 5, and ends on November 30, Court St.
Circleville, OH For more information, please see the factsheet and the draft permit. The comment period starts September 28, and ends on November 17, Click here for instructions on how to obtain a State Support Letter. An appeal may be filed with the Commission at the following address: Environmental Review Appeals Commission 77 South High Street, 17th Floor Columbus, Ohio August 24, The Division of Environmental Response and Revitalization DERR has developed a memorandum on action levels and response timeframes for sites that are being investigated for vapor intrusion of trichloroethene TCE and other associated chemicals.
These actions levels and time frames are based primarily upon the short term exposures to TCE and the potential for cardiac malformations in developing fetuses. This guidance does not have the force of law, but Ohio EPA recommends its use to outside stake holders, including the Voluntary Action Program VAP , in evaluating the concentrations of volatile compounds in ground water, soil gas or indoor air in residences and commercial buildings. Written and oral comments were accepted at the meeting and through April 15, The Trustees considered all comments submitted during the public comment period before taking a final action, and the formal Response to Comments is included in the Final Restoration Plan.
Until DERR has the opportunity to revise these chapters or issue new guidance, it is appropriate to rely on U. Vapor Intrusion Indoor Air guidance document [.
For more information about the new rules, click here. Read more DERR State Fiscal Year Workload Projects Mission Statement The Division of Environmental Response and Revitalization protects human health and improves the quality of the environment for present and future generations through the prevention, identification, investigation, regulation and remediation of chemical and petroleum hazards in all environmental media.
Long-Term Goals Determine that sites are safe for their intended use. Effectively and efficiently respond to the sudden releases of contaminants that may negatively impact Ohio's environment. Achieve integration of DERR's cleanup programs with voluntary, involuntary and sudden release approaches. Secure adequate infrastructure to effectively and efficiently administer Ohio's cleanup program.
Assumes response is a part of the integrated cleanup program. Administer an effective and efficient prevention program that results in fewer releases to Ohio's environment. Cessation of Regulated Operations CRO The goal of the Cessation of Regulated Operations CRO program is to prevent threats to human health and the environment that are created when business owners and operators irresponsibly abandon businesses where chemicals were produced, used, stored or handled.
Federal Facilities Oversees the investigation, remediation and stewardship activities at federal cleanup sites in Ohio Department of Energy and Department of Defense sites. Hazardous Waste Oversees the permitting, inspection, compliance and reporting of hazardous waste sites.
Ohio Brownfields Facilitates brownfield redevelopment through funding along with outreach and education and provides technical support to the JobsOhio Revitalization Fund and the Abandoned Gas Station Cleanup Grant Program.
Remedial Response Investigates the nature and extent of historical hazardous waste releases in Ohio and determines whether or not these sites represent a risk to human health or the environment and therefore require cleanup. Site Assessment Provides on-site sampling and assessment assistance, including collection of surface soil samples, ground water monitoring well samples, residential well samples, surface water and sediment samples and ecological assessments. Voluntary Action Program Gives individuals a way to investigate possible environmental contamination, clean it up if necessary and receive a promise from the State of Ohio that no more cleanup is needed.
How do I take a site through the Voluntary Action Program? How do I get funding or technical assistance for cleaning up a brownfield property? How do I report a release to the environment? How do I become a VAP certified professional? How do I become a VAP certified laboratory? How do I know if a Superfund site is in my neighborhood? I think there is a contaminated property in my neighborhood. What can I do about it?
I want to purchase a property that may be contaminated. What problems I might encounter? PDF] Benefits of the VAP Ohio recognized the need to remove the environmental and legal barriers that stalled redevelopment and reuse of contaminated properties.
Certified Professionals and Laboratories The VAP maximizes resources and expertise in the private sector by utilizing qualified, experienced professionals such as engineers and scientists who are certified by Ohio EPA. Contact For more information about the program, visit the VAP web page or contact Kelly Kaletsky or call To report a spill or release call: There is no penalty for early reporting if a release is suspected; however, there may be penalties for failing to report in a timely manner.
Responsible party name of carrier, owner, operator or facility. Location address, cross street, mile marker. Material s chemical, product, or common name. Hazards extremely hazardous substance, placard, materials safety data sheet [MSDS]. Contacts on scene responder cell phone number, responsible party, contractor, facility point of contact. Requirements for Reporting Petroleum-Related Spills Spills of petroleum products diesel fuel, gasoline, hydraulic fluid, etc.
Download the fact sheet [. Who Qualifies? A person must meet the following criteria to be eligible to become a CP. Of the eight years, three years must have been spent as a supervisor or project manager.
Application Requirements A person wishing to be considered for participation in the VAP must submit the following information and documentation by affidavit: completed application with signed affidavit; original transcripts of degree from a recognized educational institution; six completed reference forms; documentation of attendance at the initial training; and record of payment of the initial professional certification fee, as established in OAC Kaletsky epa.
When reporting a spill, release or environmental crime through the spill hotline, be prepared with as much of the following information as possible: Responsible party name of carrier, owner,operator or facility. Google Translate. November 22, November 9, September 29, September 15, August 10, July 27, July 16, July 14, July 1, June 25, June 24, June 23, May 30, May 13, May 5, April 13, April 6, April 1, March 26, March 18, March 3, February 4, January 27, January 26, January 19, January 6, December 16, November 30, November 19, November 16, November 6, November 5, November 3, October 8, There is one Word file for each of chapters.
Solution Manual for 3rd edition have answers to chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and Cover of the main textbook is the first image. File Specification for 6th edition international student version. File Specification for Second File of 3rd edition.
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